Cats develop urinary stones, also called uroliths or bladder stones. These form in the bladder or kidneys. Common types include struvite and calcium oxalate. Struvite stones consist of magnesium ammonium phosphate. Calcium oxalate stones contain calcium and oxalate. Less common types feature urate, ammonium urate, uric acid, calcium phosphate, and cystine. Struvite and calcium oxalate account for most cases.

Causes of Urinary Stones in Cats

Poor diet triggers stone formation. Dry food increases risk due to high mineral content. Dehydration concentrates urine. This promotes crystal buildup. Urinary tract infections cause inflammation. Alkaline urine favors struvite stones. Acidic urine supports calcium oxalate stones. Breed plays a role. Persians and Himalayans face higher calcium oxalate risk. Hypercalcemia links to calcium oxalate. High purine diets cause urate stones. Male cats suffer more from blockages.

Suitable Food for Cats with Urinary Stones

Choose prescription diets based on stone type. For struvite, use acidifying foods. These lower urine pH. Examples include Hill’s Prescription Diet c/d, Purina UR/StOx, and Royal Canin Urinary SO. They reduce magnesium and phosphorus. For calcium oxalate, select neutral pH diets. Avoid high calcium or oxalate. Promote high-moisture wet food. Increase water intake overall. Add water fountains or flavor water. Feed exclusively vet-approved food. Avoid treats without advice. Diets prevent recurrence long-term.

Treatment for Urinary Stones in Cats

Diagnose with urinalysis, bloodwork, and imaging. Treat based on type and severity. Dissolve struvite stones with diet. This takes 2-4 weeks. Remove calcium oxalate surgically. Use cystotomy for bladder access. Flush small stones via urohydropropulsion. Handle blockages urgently. Catheterize males to relieve obstruction. Hospitalize for fluids and monitoring. Prevent with ongoing diets and checkups. Recurrence is common without management. Consult a vet for tailored plans.